Grade I Sprain of the Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

Diagnosis

Your diagnosis is a Grade I sprain of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL).

Injury or Condition

This injury represents an incomplete (Grade II) or a complete (Grade III) rupture of the collagen fibers which connect the ends of the femur (thigh bone) and the fibula (lower leg bone).

Cause

The most common cause is an excessive strain applied to the stabilizing ligament on the lateral (outer) aspect of the knee during sports, such as skiing and soccer, or as the result of a fall.

Symptoms

Typical symptoms are pain and tenderness about the lateral (outer) aspect of the knee. Stiffness, swelling and weakness will compromise function of the limb.

Treatment

Standard treatment includes:

1. Crutches may be necessary if muscle weakness and guarding are great.
2. A knee brace may be helpful temporarily.
3. Ice application frequently repeated for periods of 20-30 minutes, repeated 3-4 times per day (see caution below).
4. Physical therapy may be helpful to diminish swelling and encourage return of full motion.
5. Safe, strengthening activities, such as biking, should be performed daily as soon as pain permits.
6. Anti-inflammatory medication for 1-2 weeks (e.g. Diclofenac/Voltaren or Ibuprofen/Motrin).
7. Weight training may be required for full recovery of strength.
8. Functional testing and a running program should precede return to sport.
9. Alternative treatments include hydrotherapy, limb massage and nutritional therapy.

Precautions

Important precautions:

1. Do not skimp on ice. Use ice generously for the first 48-72 hours. Caution: There is a nerve near the skin surface in the area of this ligament. If numbness and tingling in the lower leg and foot are noted while icing, place a wet rag between the skin and the ice to prevent nerve damage.
2. Although uncommon, associated injury to the knee cartilages (medial meniscus or lateral meniscus) or to the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) may compromise recovery and necessitate surgery.
3. Do not return to cutting and twisting sports until approved by your physician or athletic trainer.
4. Strengthening activities should be conducted 3-5 times per week for maximum benefit.

Recovery

Expected recovery usually occurs in 3 weeks to 3 months, depending on the severity of the injury, although lingering minor stiffness and soreness for six months is not uncommon.